Inside the Mind: Pressures Faced by Student Athletes

By Mason Pierre-Antoine

Spring 2024

Student athletes often grapple with a unique set of challenges regarding mental health due to the dual demands of academia and competitive sports. Balancing training, competitions, and studies can lead to high levels of stress, time management difficulties, and a significant risk of burnout. The pressure to perform athletically and maintain academic eligibility can be intense, not to mention the potential for injury and the psychological impact that can follow.

The visibility that comes with athletic performance can also add to the stress, with student athletes feeling they are under constant scrutiny by peers, coaches, media, and fans. Additionally, there's often a stigma associated with mental health in the realm of sports where toughness and resilience are highly valued, which might make athletes reluctant to seek help, which was stated in The Journal of Athletic Training.

Relevant Research and Statistics

Recent data from the NCAA reveals that mental health challenges are significant among student-athletes, with around 30% acknowledging such difficulties. Notably, this challenge is more prevalent among female student-athletes, who report these concerns at higher rates than their males who are 38% as opposed to 23%. Mental health literacy, or the understanding of mental health issues, stands at 68.7% among student-athletes, demonstrating a better recognition and grasp of these matters which is crucial in shaping effective coping mechanisms and establishing adequate support networks.

Moreover, research published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine  indicates that mental health issues might affect about 40% of elite athletes, pointing to the widespread nature of the problem at high-performance levels. The Journal of Athletic Training reports that athletes might have double the likelihood of experiencing anxiety disorders compared to non-athletes. Additionally, a study conducted by Virginia Commonwealth University found signs of depression in about one-quarter of athletes from public universities.

In administrative circles, a noteworthy trend is emerging. Division I athletic directors are increasingly noting a rise in the demand for mental health services, corroborated by NCAA reports showing a 68% surge in such cases over recent years. These figures underscore the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support and intervention strategies within athletic programs, ensuring the holistic well-being of student-athletes is addressed with the seriousness it demands.

Pressures 

The balance between academics and athletics for student athletes involves managing two full-time commitments, which can create significant pressure. Here's an overview of the expectations and time management challenges they face:

 Academic Expectations

  • Course Load: Student athletes must maintain a certain GPA and credit load to remain eligible for sports, which means they can't simply take lighter classes to manage their time better.

  • Class Attendance: They are often expected to attend all classes, but they are given a little lead way given their travel schedule and practices.

  • Study Time: Finding time to study around practice and competition schedules can be difficult.

  • Academic Performance: The stress to perform academically can be high because future opportunities, such as scholarships or career options, often hinge on their educational achievements.

Athletic Expectations

  • Training: Daily practices, which can last several hours, are mandatory and intense.

  • Competition: The competition schedule can be grueling, with frequent travel that disrupts regular routines.

  • Performance: There's pressure to continually improve and excel in their sport, which may come from themselves, coaches, or the institution.

  • Recovery: Athletes need to manage physical health and recovery, which includes medical appointments, physiotherapy, and proper rest.

  • Time Management Challenges

  • Scheduling Conflicts: Sports and academic schedules often clash, leading to missed classes or training sessions.

  • Travel Demands: Time on the road for games or matches eats into potential study time.

  • Energy Levels: High physical demands from sports can leave athletes drained and unable to focus on studies.

  • Social Life: Balancing both sports and studies often means sacrificing social activities, which can affect mental health.

To manage these pressures, student athletes must develop exceptional time management skills, learn to prioritize effectively, and seek support when necessary. Institutions and coaches can support them by providing academic resources tailored to their unique schedules, like tutors and study halls, as well as understanding and flexibility around their athletic commitments. This quote from psychologist Kim Boulrece that has an expertise in sports psychology underscores the dual challenges faced by student-athletes excelling in their sport while meeting academic requirements. She acknowledges that the high level of discipline required for this balancing act can lead to stress. "Student athletes often face a high-wire act, balancing the rigors of competition with academic demands," says psychologist Kim Boulrece. "Recognizing and supporting their dual pursuit of excellence is crucial in mitigating stress and fostering an environment where they can thrive both in their sport and in the classroom." The quote implies that recognizing and supporting their efforts in both areas is essential for their overall well-being and success.

Also here is a quote from Northern Illinois University Football Athlete Izuchukwu Ozoh who speaks to the pressure and anxiety that can come with being a student-athlete. “I was really nervous every day to perform to the best of my abilities to because I felt like I was running out of time, and because of that I would be nervous and anxiousness. And with all that on top of school I really had my work cut out for me.” Says Northern Illinois University Football Athlete Izuchukwu Ozoh. Ozoh describes feeling a sense of urgency to perform well athletically while also managing the demands of academic life. This stress is further amplified by a self-imposed sense of time running out, which can intensify feelings of nervousness and anxiety.

Balancing training, competitions, and studies can lead to high levels of stress, time management difficulties, and a significant risk of burnout. The pressure to perform athletically and maintain academic eligibility can be intense, not to mention the potential for injury and the psychological impact that can follow.

Social and Emotional Struggles

Student athletes often navigate complex social and emotional landscapes. Their tight schedules can lead to social isolation, as the demands of practice, competition, and travel limit the time available for friends and family, sometimes straining relationships. They may miss out on traditional college experiences and feel disconnected from their non-athlete peers, exacerbating feelings of loneliness or difference.

The emotional toll on student athletes can be heavy as well. Coping with injuries requires resilience, not just physically but also mentally, as they may face setbacks in both their athletic and academic goals. Losses on the field or court can be disheartening and affect self-esteem and motivation. Additionally, they often experience intense pressure from coaches, peers, and themselves to win and perform at peak levels, which can create overwhelming stress. Navigating these emotional challenges requires robust support systems, including access to mental health resources and an understanding environment where their emotional wellbeing is prioritized.

Coping Strategies and Mental Health Support

Student athletes have a variety of resources and support systems available to help them manage the demands they face. Many educational institutions provide specialized services such as academic advisors who understand the rigors of athletic schedules, sports psychologists, and wellness programs tailored to their needs. Educational institutions have been progressively implementing academic support systems to cater to the multifaceted needs of student-athletes. For instance, studies have examined the effectiveness  of dual career support services by exploring the scholastic performances of student-athletes, highlighting the importance of such support in ensuring that athletes succeed academically as well as in their sport. Additionally, there may be access to mental health professionals, support groups composed of fellow athletes, and workshops on time management, stress reduction, and effective communication.

"Effective coping strategies are about building resilience and establishing a support network that you can rely on," notes Brandie Allen who’s a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. "Access to mental health resources, such as therapy, support groups, and mindfulness training, is paramount in equipping individuals with the tools they need to navigate life's challenges successfully.” Brandie Allen's quote emphasizes the importance of resilience and the availability of support systems for student-athletes facing numerous pressures. By mentioning "effective coping strategies," Allen is likely advocating for proactive measures that institutions can take to support their student-athletes. Resources like therapy, support groups, and mindfulness training are vital in providing athletes with the necessary tools to handle stress and the multifaceted demands of their lives.

This reflects an understanding that athletic success is not just about physical training but also involves mental and emotional well-being. Allen's point about the importance of a support network signifies the role of community and shared experience in fostering resilience. It highlights how educational institutions play a significant role in offering these supports , which can include:

  • Mental Health Resources: Easy access to therapists who can provide individual counseling or group therapy sessions

  • Support Groups: Peer-led or professionally guided groups where athletes can share experiences and advice

  • Wellness Programs: Comprehensive programs that may include mindfulness training, workshops on stress management, and other wellness-oriented activities

The importance of seeking help cannot be overstated. Student athletes should be encouraged to make use of these resources without fear of judgment. Breaking the stigma around mental health in sports is crucial to ensuring that these athletes can ask for and receive the support they need when facing challenges, leading to healthier and more sustainable sports careers. There has even been studies related to mental health resources for student-athletes, The NCAA has conducted several well-being studies that delve into the mental health concerns of student-athletes. The NCAA's focus on the mental health of student-athletes is an acknowledgment of the significant pressures they face in both their academic and athletic pursuits. The proactive steps taken by the NCAA through its well-being studies aim to understand and address these concerns more effectively. With findings indicating a concerning prevalence of mental health issues among student-athletes, it becomes clear that creating a supportive environment where athletes can seek help without stigma is of paramount importance.

The growing awareness and focus on mental health among student-athletes lead to enhanced well-being, which can translate to improved performance in sports and academics. It is evident that the well-being of student-athletes is a multifaceted issue that extends beyond the playing field and into every aspect of their lives, reinforcing the imperative for continuous support and research in this area.

Conclusion

Student athletes navigate the complex intersection of academic rigors and the high demands of sports, facing unique pressures that can impact their mental and emotional well-being. The dual expectations to excel both in the classroom and in competition create significant stressors, from time management challenges to the emotional toll of injuries and performance pressures. Additionally, they often cope with social isolation due to tight schedules, which can strain relationships with peers and family. 

Supporting the mental health of student athletes is crucial, not only for their personal development but also for their overall performance and long-term health. Educational institutions, coaches, and support staff must work together to create inclusive environments that recognize and proactively address these pressures. This includes providing accessible mental health resources, fostering open dialogue about mental health, and promoting balance and well-being.

It's a collective call to action for us to heighten awareness and support for the mental health of student athletes. Encouraging them to utilize available resources without stigma and ensuring they feel supported both on and off the field are essential steps toward nurturing their growth as both athletes and individuals. Through concerted efforts, we can help equip student athletes with the tools they need to manage their mental health effectively, ensuring their ability to thrive in all aspects of their lives.

Mason Pierre-Antoine, a junior at North Central College, is not just a marketing major but also a dedicated football player. He's become acutely aware of the mental health challenges that come with balancing the demanding life of a student-athlete. His experiences have been far from solitary, as he's seen peers face similar struggles. Driven by these challenges, Mason is determined to shed light on the often-overlooked issue of athlete mental health. He aims to advocate for better support systems and educational resources that help athletes cope with the stress and pressure of their dual roles. Mason's journey goes beyond the football field and the classroom; it's about tackling the stigmas of mental health in the athletic community and paving the way for a more supportive environment where athletes can openly seek help and manage their well-being. His story is not just about personal triumphs but also about fostering a broader understanding of mental health in sports.